The The Influence of the Digital Divide on External Political Efficacy: An Empirical Study from Khon Kaen, Thailand

An Empirical Study from Khon Kaen, Thailand

Abstract

Digital inequalities pose a threat to democratic participation, especially at the local
level where citizen–government interactions are most direct. This study examines
how multidimensional digital inequalities influence external political efficacy—
citizens’ perceptions of government responsiveness in Khon Kaen Municipality,
Thailand. Moving beyond basic access, the study employs a three-level digital
divide framework (access, usage, and benefits) and analyzes survey data from 399
respondents using multiple regression. Results show that both digital access and
usage significantly enhance external political efficacy, while perceived benefits of
digital engagement, though positive, are not statistically significant. Sociodemographic factors such as age, occupation, and political ideology also influence
efficacy perceptions. These findings suggest that addressing digital inequality
requires more than expanding infrastructure; it demands inclusive digital policies
that foster meaningful engagement, build trust in institutions, and enhance
democratic governance at the grassroots level.